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Alarm bells ringing! How to prevent laboratory safety hazards?
Release time:
2021-04-21 15:32
In recent years, domestic laboratory safety accidents occur frequently. In the process of chemical production, whether it is raw materials, intermediates, or products, are inseparable from the laboratory analysis and testing, laboratory safety management related to the normal operation of the entire chemical production. Learning lessons and summing up experience is the best way to prevent accidents.
On November 11, 2018, a laboratory of a university in Taizhou exploded during the experiment. The strong shock wave blew the door of the laboratory and injured many teachers and students in the laboratory at that time. In December 2018, during the scientific research experiment of landfill leachate sewage treatment in the laboratory of a university in Beijing, an explosion occurred at the experimental site, resulting in the death of three students participating in the experiment.
What are the risks in most laboratories today, and what are the solutions to these problems?
Types of Laboratory Hazards
Fire and explosion hazard
The risk of laboratory fires is universal, as flammable and explosive materials are often used in analytical chemistry laboratories. High-pressure gas cylinders, low-temperature liquefied gases, and decompression systems (vacuum drying, distillation, etc.), if they are improperly handled, the operation fails, and then encounter high temperature, open flame, impact, container rupture or failure to comply with safety prevention requirements, often lead to fire and explosion accidents, ranging from personal injury, equipment damage, to multiple casualties and house damage.
Toxic gas hazard
Gas and various organic solvents are often used in analytical experiments, which are not only flammable and explosive but also toxic. Toxic gases were also produced in some experiments due to chemical reactions. If not pay attention to have the possibility of causing poisoning.
Hazard of electric shock
Analysis of the experiment can not be separated from electrical equipment, not only commonly used 220V low voltage, but also with thousands to tens of thousands of volts of high voltage, analysts should know how to prevent electric shock accidents or due to the use of non-riot electrical sparks caused by explosion accidents.
Hazard of instrument injury
Analysis often use glassware, but also cut off the glass tube rubber plug drilling, with glass tube connection hose and other operations. The operator's negligence or lack of concentration causes skin and finger wounds and cuts are also common.
Radioactive Hazard
Personnel engaged in radioactive material analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis are likely to be injured by radioactive materials and X-rays, and must be carefully protected to avoid radioactive materials invading and polluting the human body.
Laboratory safety management countermeasures
1. Improve the laboratory safety management institutions, clear management responsibilities
Due to the different specialties and categories of laboratories, special institutions are required to be responsible for the management of laboratory safety. The safety management system of the laboratory should be established from top to bottom, with clear safety management level and safety responsibilities.
2. Pay attention to the basic work of safety and strengthen the construction of safety standardization
The basic work of laboratory safety is to strengthen the construction of safety standardization laboratory. Focus on the following four aspects:
(1) Standardization of laboratory safety operation organization and management. It is mainly to formulate detailed and operable management standards for the whole process of laboratory safety management aimed at the safe operation of the laboratory.
(2) Standardization of laboratory safety conditions. It is mainly to ensure that the laboratory house and water, electricity, gas and other pipeline facilities are standardized, the laboratory equipment and various accessories are in good condition, the laboratory site layout is reasonable, the passage is smooth, and the laboratory safety standards are complete, eye-catching and intuitive. Laboratory safety protection facilities and alarm devices are complete and reliable.
(3) Standardization of laboratory safety operations. The operating procedures and management specifications are mainly formulated for individual experiments or high-grade instruments and equipment in each laboratory to achieve standard and standardized operation.
(4) Laboratory safety education is institutionalized. Regularly carry out the necessary safety education work in the laboratory, so as to "take precautions and nip in the bud". At the same time, do a good job of laboratory safety notification.
3. Increase investment in laboratory safety facilities and improve safety factor
Increase investment in fire prevention, explosion protection, anti-virus, anti-theft, anti-radiation, anti-infection and other safety facilities. According to the specific conditions of the laboratory risk factors, update, transform and equip necessary labor protection facilities and supplies, install necessary experimental fire protection, ventilation and explosion-proof facilities, and find hidden dangers as soon as possible to prevent accidents.
4. Strengthen laboratory safety education and conduct safety training
Safety education is the preventive work to prevent accidents. Laboratory management should pay full attention to laboratory safety education, formulate safety education system and long-term safety education and training plan, increase investment in laboratory safety education, regularly organize teachers to enter the laboratory, conduct systematic safety technical knowledge training for students, enhance safety awareness, and do a good job in safety management. It is recommended to set up a safety education webpage, set up safety education columns, regularly organize safety education lectures, carry out some fire-fighting and self-rescue exercises, continuously improve the safety technical level of relevant personnel, master emergency treatment methods, and let everyone working and studying in the laboratory Have the ability to respond to emergencies.
Causes of safety accidents
Countermeasures The main causes of laboratory safety accidents are unsafe environment and unsafe behavior, unsafe environment is the indirect cause, poor management is the root cause, and people's unsafe behavior is the direct cause. The result of the accident, no matter how big or small, may cause life injury and property damage, and affect the normal teaching and scientific research work. Therefore, the central content of laboratory safety management is to prevent people's unsafe behavior, eliminate the unsafe state of the material environment, block the process of accident chain, and avoid accidents. In order to avoid accidents, corresponding measures should be taken.
1. Safety and environmental factors
For safety and environmental factors, laboratory design, instrument layout, reagent placement, gas supply, power supply, power supply, ventilation settings, infection prevention settings, sewer pipes, laboratory waste disposal, fire protection facilities, etc. Appropriate laboratory safety levels should be properly designed and developed and published. It is very important to properly maintain and regularly check all general and personal safety protective equipment.
2. Factors of human insecurity
For people's unsafe factors, it is not only necessary to standardize the management system, laboratory safety operation procedures, and implement the person in charge of laboratory safety, but more importantly, to make all laboratory personnel have common sense of laboratory safety, danger and accident prevention. Everyone working in the laboratory should be aware of their responsibility for laboratory safety. If any unsafe factors are found in the laboratory, they should be corrected immediately, quickly and resolutely. When starting a new experimental work, the personnel entering the laboratory should know in advance what risks may exist during the operation and prepare preventive measures.
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